How to Handle Altitude in Cusco

How to Handle Altitude in Cusco: Practical Tips for a Healthy Trip

How to handle altitude in Cusco is one of the most important things travelers should learn before setting foot in the ancient Incan capital. Standing at 3,400 meters (11,150 feet) above sea level, Cusco’s thin air can catch even seasoned travelers off guard. Symptoms like headaches, dizziness, shortness of breath, and nausea are common among those not accustomed to high elevations. However, with careful preparation and mindful practices during your stay, you can minimize discomfort and enjoy all the wonders Cusco has to offer.

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Understanding Altitude Sickness

When traveling to a location as high as Cusco, the body faces lower oxygen levels due to the thinner air. Altitude sickness, or “soroche” as it is called locally, occurs as your body struggles to adapt. Mild symptoms include headache, fatigue, loss of appetite, and trouble sleeping. In rare cases, more severe forms such as High Altitude Pulmonary Edema (HAPE) or High Altitude Cerebral Edema (HACE) can develop, but these are uncommon for most tourists.

The main reason behind these symptoms is your body’s attempt to adjust to less available oxygen. Gradual acclimatization is key—rushing to explore every site in a single day increases your risk of developing problems.

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Tips on How to Handle Altitude in Cusco

1. Take It Slow on Arrival

Avoid the temptation to start sightseeing straight after arriving. Give yourself at least 24 to 48 hours to acclimate. Light activities or short walks around your accommodation are recommended, especially during your first day. Use this time to hydrate, rest, and let your body gradually adjust.

2. Stay Hydrated

Drinking water is critical at high altitudes. Dehydration can worsen symptoms of altitude sickness. Aim to drink at least two to three liters per day. Avoid excessive alcohol and coffee in your first days, since both can dehydrate you.

3. Eat Light and Nutritious Meals

High-fat, heavy meals can slow down your digestion and intensify discomfort. Stick to smaller, frequent meals. Include carbohydrates such as bread, rice, and potatoes, which are easier to digest and can help provide energy.

4. Consider Coca Tea and Local Remedies

Coca tea is a traditional remedy in Peru for altitude symptoms. Many hotels and cafes offer coca leaves or tea to visitors. While not a cure, sipping coca tea can help ease mild headaches and fatigue (although it’s not recommended for those with heart conditions or pregnant travelers without prior consultation with a doctor).

5. Medication and Medical Precautions

For those especially sensitive to altitude or with underlying health conditions, consult a doctor before arriving. Medications such as acetazolamide (Diamox) can be prescribed to reduce or prevent sickness. Always verify potential side effects and ensure you follow dosage instructions.

6. Oxygen Availability in Cusco

Many hotels and even some restaurants in Cusco provide oxygen tanks or canisters for guests experiencing significant symptoms. Pharmacies also sell portable oxygen bottles if needed. While this shouldn’t be your first solution, it serves as an emergency backup.

7. Avoid Overexertion

Physical exertion, especially during the initial days, can intensify dizziness and breathlessness. Save challenging hikes, such as the trek to Machu Picchu or Rainbow Mountain, for when you’ve fully acclimatized. Start with gentle walks around historic sites like the Plaza de Armas or San Blas district.

8. Plan Your Journey Thoughtfully

If your trip includes time in the Sacred Valley, consider spending your first night in the lower-elevation towns of Pisac or Ollantaytambo (around 2,700–2,800 meters or 8,860–9,186 feet). This can help your body gradually adapt before tackling Cusco’s higher elevation.

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Recognizing Severe Symptoms

Knowing how to handle altitude in Cusco also means being vigilant for warning signs of more serious problems. If you or your travel companions develop severe shortness of breath, chest pain, persistent vomiting, confusion, or inability to walk straight, seek medical assistance immediately. Descending to a lower altitude is often the fastest way to recover in extreme cases.

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Make the Most of Your Cusco Adventure

The majestic city of Cusco, with its cobblestone streets, colonial architecture, and Incan ruins, is well worth the adjustment period. By preparing ahead and treating your body kindly during your stay, you can soak up everything this historic city has to offer without discomfort overshadowing your experience.

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FAQ: How to Handle Altitude in Cusco

1. How long does it take to acclimate to Cusco’s altitude?
Most travelers need between 1 and 3 days to adjust. Take it easy during this time and listen to your body.

2. What can I do if I start feeling the symptoms of altitude sickness?
Rest, drink water, avoid alcohol, and eat light meals. If symptoms persist or worsen, consult a doctor.

3. Is it safe to drink coca tea?
For most people, coca tea is safe in moderate amounts, but consult with your doctor if you are pregnant, have heart conditions, or are taking specific medications.

4. Can children handle altitude in Cusco?
Children can experience symptoms just like adults. Be sure to monitor them closely and allow for plenty of rest and hydration.

5. Should I bring or buy any special medications?
Some travelers take acetazolamide (Diamox) as a preventive measure, but only under medical advice. Carry any other medications you might need for existing health conditions.

6. Is oxygen available if I need it?
Yes, many hotels and some public places in Cusco provide oxygen tanks for guests. Portable bottles are also available at pharmacies.

7. Are there any foods that help with altitude sickness?
While specific foods may not prevent altitude sickness, eating light, carbohydrate-rich meals supports energy levels and digestion.

8. What should I avoid when handling altitude in Cusco?
Avoid strenuous activity, alcohol, and overeating during your first days. Listen to your body and seek help if you experience persistent or severe symptoms.

Remember, adjusting to Cusco’s altitude ensures you get the most out of your Peruvian adventure. Travel safely and enjoy every moment!